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货代专业英语第一课
Scope of Freight Forwarding Services
Originally, a freight forwarder (货运代理人) was a commission agent (委托代理人) performing on behalf of (代表…) the exporter/importer routine tasks such as loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport, obtaining payment for his customer, etc…
However, the expansion of international trade and the development of
different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services. Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport. The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance (清关) to a comprehensive package of services covering the total transportation and distribution process. 未完待续
课文理解：
1. 核心句子：
… a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks …
这句句子很长,一段就是一句.不过,作者无非想表达这样一个意思:货运代理人是进出口商的委托代理人,提供这样或那样的服务. 句子显然含有一个定语从句, 其他的结构是帮助起修饰、说明作用的.
1.1 performing = doing (a piece of work)
1.2 on behalf of the exporter/importer = on exporter’s or importer’s behalf = as representative of exporter/importer
1.3 routine tasks (日常工作,日常事务)
这里我们不能用 work 替代 task , 其原因是:
task: 可数名词, 一般是指较为困难、辛苦的工作, 正好和routine tasks后面
such as 的例子统一起来.
work: 不可数名词, 工作的意思则较为笼统、广泛.
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:
1.4 originally = from the beginning
1.5 such as loading/unloading of goods … = such as loading/unloading of goods for his customer. 下面三个结构如同本结构.
2. 核心句子： … A and B enlarged the scope of his service. 句子中:
A 是指 the expansion of international trade (国际贸易的扩大)
B 是指 the development of different modes of transport (不同运输模式的发展)
2.1 enlarge = make or become larger.
A and B make the scope of freight forwarding services larger
“ en- + adj. = v. ” 是 enlarge 这个词的结构, 由前缀"en-"和形容词"large"构成.
“ en- + adj. = v. ” 这样的例子还有: enable, enrich
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:
2.2 over the years that followed (意译): 在以后的几年里面
3. 句子：
Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport. 在句子中:
3.1 today = at the present time, 课文里不解释今天.
3.2 play a role: 扮演角色, 可以引申为起着…的作用.
4. 核心句子： The services …may often range from … to…
好像很难理解, 我们先举一个简单的例子看看:
price ranging from USD5 to USD10 (从5美元到10美元的各种价格)
price ranging between USD5 and USD10 (5美元到10美元之间的各种价格)
range 的意思是”在…范围内变化”, 后面的搭配可以是from…to…, 也可以是
between…and… 于是, 我们发现:
例句中的USD5 = 课文中的routine and basic tasks … ,
例句中的USD10 = 课文中的a comprehensive package of services …
句子中其他解释的地方还有:
4.1 routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance
the booking of space (舱位的预订)
customs clearance (海关清结关)
4.2 a comprehensive package of services …
a package of (意译:一揽子) package有的时候具有比喻的意味和用法,课文中的
情况就是这样.
comprehensive (综合性的、广泛的、全面的、详尽的) ,看来这个短语应该翻译
成"综合性的一揽子服务方案"比较妥帖.
4.3 The services that a freight forwarder renders
render (及物动词) = offer, provide. 这是一句定语从句.说明提供这些订舱、
报关、全程运输、分拨等服务的来源
4.4 … covering the total …
cover = include, consist of, take into account
(包括, 涉及, 可以引申为"关于"解, 相当于 about )
4.5 the total transportation and distribution process
上面课文中有这样一个结构: …in international trade and transport, 那么
transport 和transportation 有何区别呢?
实际上是一样的,我们也可以说成…in international trade and transportation 或 the total transport and … 文章中这样安排的原因,我认为只是为了保持前后结构
统一(参见and前后的下划线).
如果硬要把它们加以区别, 其答案是: transportation 是美国人常用的词汇,
而 transport 则是英国人常用的词汇
5. 段落小结：
第一、第二两个自然段是本文的第一层意思:
我们注意到了这样一些副词：originally......however......today......通过这些副词的贯穿，我们了解了货运代理人的概念，并通过货运代理服务范围的演变，对其服务范围基本上有了一个大概的印象.
Unless the consignor(发货人), the person sending goods, or the consignee(收货人), the person receiving goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved. The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of his overseas agents. Briefly, these services are:
6.1 unless 一句我们可以先简化成:
Unless the consignor wants to attend to formalities himself, …
= If the consignor does not attend to formalities himself, …
6.1.1 只有当unless 解释成 “ 如果不 ” 的时候, 它才可以和 if not 互换句型.
因此, 我们不能随随便便地把 unless 翻译成 “除非” 或者 “如果不”
6.1.2 attend
(1) 及物动词. 解释 “出席, 参加” 例如: attend a meeting
(2) 不及物动词, 介词的固定搭配往往是 to. 解释 “注意, 专心, 专注”
例如: attend to one’s work
(3) 其名词形式. attention 例如: pay attention to
(4) 其形容词形式. attentive 介词的搭配还是 to
6.1.3 the procedural and documentary formalities
(1) the procedural formalities (程序上的手续)
procedural 形容词, “程序上的”
procedure 名词, “程序,步骤,过程”
(2) the documentary formalities (单证上的手续)
documentary 形容词, “单证上的”
documentary 一词在金融、贸易领域用得比较多,
例如: documentary draft (跟单汇票)
document 名词或动词, “单证, 为……提供单证”
(3) formality (正式的手续, 通常用名词的复数形式表示)
the customs formalities (海关手续)
go through due formalities (经过正式手续)
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:
6.1.4 句末的himself 解释 “亲自”, 有强调主语或突出主语行为的作用.
我们可以这样理解: 如果发货人或收货人不想自己亲自去办理那些
繁杂手续的话…
6.2 it is ...... 一句我们可以先简化成:
... it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement
of goods...
6.2.1 it + be + 被强调成分 + that / who ...是强调结构
所谓强调结构就是句子当中要特别强调 "被强调成分", 这里特别强调
the freight forwarder, 字面翻译也往往加上 “正是,就是”
6.2.2 undertake to do sth. = agree to do sth. = promise sb sth.
6.2.3 process 这里,我们和这个 process 打交道不是头一回了:
(1) process 名词.
process = series of operations deliberately unertaken
例如: distribution process
(2) process 动词.
process = to prepare and examine in details
例如: process the movement of goods
我们注意到不管这个 process 解释"程序"也好, 还是解释"准备,处置"也罢,
在它的英文解释中都含有审慎的意思. 有的时候中文也有言不达意的地方.
句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:
... through the various stages involved.
6.2.4 the various stages = a different period / part in a course of action
6.2.5 involve 在做动词时有许多解释:
(1) 使...陷入,拖累
(2) 包围,笼罩
(3) 包括,包含,含有: 我以为第三个含义比较符合课文中的意思
7. 句子:
The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through
subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. 在句子中:
7.1 我们知道 contract 是合同的意思, 其:
后缀 -or : 执行或做出...的人或物, contractor 是指订约人或承包人.
前缀 sub- : sub- 也有很多意思
有"under" 的意思, 我们最熟悉的
submarine (潜水艇)
subway(地铁)
有附属的、次要、分、支的意思, 如课文中的
subcontract 分包合同, 转包合同(把承包的工作一部分或全部转包
给第三者而签订的合同)
subcontractor 承约人,转包商,次承包者
subagent 副代理人
subcontinent 次大陆
subsonic 亚音速
subroutine 子程序
7.2 关于这个 through :
前句中: ... through the various stages involved.
这个 through = from the beginning to the end of
"自始至终"的意味浓烈 (尤指时间、过程)
本句中: ... through subcontractors or other agencies empolyed by him.
这个 through 是比较常见的用法,
through = by means of / by way of (指方法、手段)
through = as a result of, because of (指原因、理由)
8. 句子:
He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of his
overseas agents. 在句子中:
8.1 utilize = make use of, find a use for 动词
其名词有两个: utility (实用,效用) utilization (利用)
其形容词: utilizable
9. 这些his 到底指谁?
(1) it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf ......
his = consignors or consignees
(2) ... through subcontractor or other agencies employed by him.
him = a freight forwarder
(3) He is also expected to utilize,...
He = a freight forwarder
(4) ... in this connection, the services of his overseas agents.
his = a freight forwarders
10. 句子: Briefly, these services are: 在句子中:
briefly = shortly, in a few words 是 "简略地说,简概地说" 的意思
The forwarders, on behalf of the consignor ( exporter ), would:
Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier.
Book space with the selected carrier.
Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the
Forwarders’Certificate of Receipt (货运代理收货证书), the Forwarders’Certificate of Transport (货运代理运输证书), etc.
Study the provisions of the letter of credit (信用证) and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export, the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents.
Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination.
Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary.
Weigh and measure the goods.
Draw the consignor’s attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor.
Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.
Attend to foreign exchange transactions (外汇交易), if any.
Pay fees and other charges including freight.
Obtain the signed bills of lading (提单) from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor.
Arrange for transshipment (转载,转运) en route if necessary.
Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad.
Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods.
Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.
11. 句子:
Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. 句子中的:
carrier(承运人) 来自动词 carry(运送,携带). 它的名词是 carriage(运输,运输费).
关于这个 carriage 还可以解释运输费的情况, 还想再言几句:
carriage 运输费:
例如: carriage paid to ... (CPT, 运费付至…)
carriage and Insurance Paid To ... (CIP, 运费、保险费付至…)
carriage free (运费免付)
carriage paid (运费已付)
carriage forward (运费到付)
freight 运输费(租用船只或飞机的费用, 尤其指水路运费:
例如: freight prepaid (运费已付)
freight collect (运费到付)
12. 句子:
Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the
Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport,
etc.句中:
12.1 比较说明下列句词:
(1) take delivery of the goods and ... (即上句)
(2) ... and deliver the goods to the carrier. (课本第 2 页第 8 行)
deliver (及物动词 vt.):
原意是"递送, 交付(信件、包裹、货物等)至收件处、收件人或购货人等".
上句(2)的意思当然就解释为"货交承运人"了.我们也就不难理解贸易术语
中的D组术语:
delivered duty unpaid (DDU, 未完税交货)
delivered duty paid (DDP, 完税后交货) 的意思了
delivery (名词 n.)
例如: delivery note (交货单)
delivery receipt (送货单)
delivery order (提货单, 它的缩写是 D/O)
take delivery of = receive (词组 phr. 解释"收到,接收")
值得注意的是: deliver(y) 和 take delivery of 意思正好向左.
我们再来关注下面的句子，看看这些字词在应用上是否有点启发？
这些句子都是课文和练习当中的喔, 没有想到吧,好好找找吧.还有
多多关注介词搭配:
(1) Obtain the bill of lading and arrange delivery to the consignor.
(2) Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance,
deliver the goods to the carrier
(3) The freight forwarder may take delivery of the goods from the
carrier.
12.2 比较说明下列句词:
(1) take delivery of the goods and and issue relevant documents such
as ... (即上句)
(2) ... related documentation formalities and ... (课本第 2 页第 7 行)
句子中的: relevant = related = connected (意译:相关的).作者为避免重复,所以选择不同的形容词表述.
12.3 issue:
issue = to bring out (esp. sth printed and/or offical) for
the notice of the public.
原意是"发行、发布、发表",从英文字面的解释中还可以看出,发行的是
"已印制好了的,官方的"文件.这里,我们往往将它意译成"签发"
13. 句子:
Study the provisions of the letter of credit (信用证) and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export, the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents.句中:
13.1 study:
study 在这里是解释“学习”吗？要解决这个问题, 还真先要从另外一个单词
learn 入手:
learn 的含义: 是从他人的教授中获得知识或技能.
例如: He is learning English.
study 的含义: 是做学问,研究. 课文中的 study 正是此意.
例如: He is studying logistics (他是搞物流的,他是研究物流的)
13.2 比较说明下列句词:
(1) Study the provisions of the letter of credit and ...
(provision = regulation, 稍侧重于 clause)
(2) ... and all Government regulations ...
(regulation = provision,稍侧重于 rule)
13.3 be applicable to:
be applicable to = be able to have an effect on sth. (适用于...)
13.4 transit:
transit 原意是"通过、运送、搬运"等意思.贸易上的解释见下例:
transit trade = entrepot trade 转口贸易,过境贸易
transit country 过境国,中转国.
transit operations 运输过程
goods delayed in transit: 运输中延误的货物(注意介词的搭配)
14. 句子:
Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination.句中:
14.1 take into account:
take sth into account = take account of sth = consider
三个结构,一个意思:对某事加以考虑,加以关注.
14.2 注意以下一些插入语:
(1) ... the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, ...
(2) Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary.(课本第 2 页第 3 行)
(3) ... arrange for the insurance of goods, if required...
(课本第 2 页第 6 行)
if any 如果有的话
if necessary = if required 如果有必要的话
15. 句子: Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary.句中:
我们经常能看到 warehouse 一词,那么, warehousing 到底指什么？
warehouse = store "仓库,货栈"
例如: bonded warehouse 保税仓库
warehousing = storage "仓库储存","仓储费"
例如: warehousing and storage activities 仓储作业
课文中只能解释"仓储",因为只有这个解释才配得上前面的 arrange,
你认为如何?
16. 句子:
Draw the consignor’s attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor.句中:
draw sb’s attention to: 引起某人的注意, 相当于提醒货物代理人要提醒发货人注意是否需要货物保险(意译)的这半句有:
A freight forwarder reminds the consignor to attend to the need for
insurance ...
17. 句子:
Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.句中:
17.1 关于 relate :
(1) ... related documentation formalities and ...
(2) The forwarder should check all relevant documents relating to the
movement of the goods.
(中译英第 6 题:教材 p9 / 练习题答案: 教材 p214 )
通过这道习题,我们对12.2中 relevant 和 related 的含义有了更深刻的印象了.在上句(2)中,我们还关注到这样一个问题:
relate to ... (动词 v.)
have relation to ... (名词 n.)
be relative to ... (形容词 adj.) 都解释"与...有关"
17.2 documentation:
这个名词一般很少用到. 它表示的是一个抽象的概念. 意思是"文件的提供",
很拗口,也不懂.换种思维,这里是名词作形容词用.我们倒不如把它当"提供
单证上的"来理解吧.
18. 句子: Pay fees and other charges including freight.句中:
我们如何区分这些“费用”呢?
(1) fee (手续费):
含义中有"为获得做某事的许可或为得到某种认可而支付的费用"
例如: registration fee (注册费、登记费)
membership fee (会费)
(2) charge ("因服务而索取的"费用,与 free of charge 相对)
含义中有"购买某种服务时按规定价目所支付的费用"
例如: collection charge (托收费)
delivery charge (递送费)
additional charge = surcharge (附加费)
fumigation charge (熏蒸费)
charges prepaid / charges forward (费用预付/费用到付)
(3) expense (花费,耗费,开销)
含义中有"当被认为有大量花费时",这个词不仅仅用在金钱上,还用在时间或精力的花费上:
例如: medical expense (医药费)
living expense (生活费)
注意: 会计领域中使用这个词时,通常情况下以复数形式出现的机会较多.注意是通常情况:
例如: operating expenses (营业费用,经营费用)
travelling expenses (差旅费)
selling expense (销售费用,没有"s")
income taxes expense (所得税费用,没有"s")
(4) -age (费,资)
-age 是表示抽象名词的后缀.没有"费、资"的说法,但是下列这些词有"费、资"的解释:
例如: postage (邮资) carriage (运费) storage (仓库费)
19. 句子: Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary.句中:
19.1 transshipment:
(1) 前缀 "trans-" = to a changed state (转变、转移、转换)
例如: transport, transplant (移植)
(2) transhipment 的拼法是否正确呢? 严格地来说,并不正规.
例如: transshipment additional (转船附加费)
transshipment charge (转船费用)
port of transshipment (中转港)
19.2 en route:
en route = on the way (在途中)
这是一个单词,外来语,并非是两个单词或词组, 后通常接"for、to、from"
例如: These containers were en route from shanghai to Los angeles.
20. 句子:
Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad.我们这样看就简单多了:
Monitor the movement of goods through contacts with the carrier.
句子的其他部分再一点一点添加上去,句意就完整了.
21. 我们把两句句子连在一起看:
(1) Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods.
(2) Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.
21.1 damage:
damage = harm or injury that causes loss of value (有"失去价值"的含义)
例如: damage by fire (火损)
damage by water (水损)
damage certificate (残损证明书)
damage to the goods (注意介词搭配)
damaged goods (损坏了的货物)
goods damaged in transit (...中受损的货物)
21.2 loss: loss 这个词,词义很单纯, 解释"丧失,灭失",只是在字形上要把它和
下列单词区分清楚:
lose (动词)
lost ( lose 的过去式, 过去分词, 或其他解释的形容词)
loss (名词, 注意它的用法: loss of the goods)
21.3 make/pursue a claim against sb for sth (就...向...提出赔偿):
一提到 claim, 保险和法律的味道比较浓, pursue 还有 seek 的意思:
(1) 保险领域的"索赔": claim clause (索赔条款)
notice of claim (索赔通知)
(2) 法律领域的(根据权利所提出的)"要求":
claim for damage (要求损害赔偿)
The forwarders, on behalf of the consignee (importer), would:
Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the
consignee controls freight (支付运费), that is, the cargo.
Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods.
Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight cost (支付运费).
Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.
Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary.
Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.
Assist the consignee, if necessary, in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to them.
Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution.
22. 句子:
Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the
consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo.句中:
关于"货物"的词有这么一些,请辨析清楚:
(1) cargo = goods (尤其是指船、飞机、车辆所载的)货物,运输行业的用语.
例如: sepcial cargoes (特殊货物)
project cargoes (工程货物)
container cargo (集装箱货物)
general cargo (杂货、普通货物)
(2) goods 这个词与 passengers 相对应
例如: the shipment of goods (货物运输)
passenger transport (客运)
(3) commodity (生活必需品,在经济领域中解释的商品)
例如: household commodity (家庭用品)
commodity inspection (商品检验)
name of commodity = commodity name (品名)
(4) merchandise (销售、贸易领域中所指的商品、货物)
(5) article (它不象前面四个词那样的解释,即不是指商品或货物的总称,
它的解释常常是"物品、物件、制品"等单件商品)
例如: a bamboo article (竹器)
three articles of luggage (三件行李)
handmade articles (手工制品)
23. 句子:
Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.句中:
23.1 duty (税,税收)
customs duty (海关税)
excise duties (消费税)
stamp duties (印花税)
duty-free goods (免税商品)
23.2 authority 和 association
(1) authority 作为名词,而且以复数的形式出现时:
例如: the health authorities 解释"当局、权威机构"
实际上,以译成"机构、机关、管理局、委员会"等比较合理
(2) association 解释"社团、协会、学会、联盟"等
例如: China International Freight Forwarders Association(CIFA)
International Federation of Feight Forwarders Association
(FIATA)
24. 句子: Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.
我们在教材 p13 的第 12 行中发现有这样一个注释:
clear the goods for export (办理货物出口的清关手续)
那么本句中的 cleared goods 意思就很清楚了: "已清关的货物"
25. 段落小结：
从课文的第三自然段开始到最后是课文的第二层次,也是文章的中心所在.
通过 The forwarders, on behalf of the consignor (exporter), would:
和 The forwarders, on behalf of the consignee (importer), would: 两句
句子,作者把 freight forwarder 的服务范围理得清清楚楚,道得明明白白.
他采用罗列的形式逐条说明, 让读者感觉思路清晰,紧扣主题.
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