Every country processes imports. In some, the import process is minimal; in others, delays for paperwork and official authorizations can be significant. Some countries offer accelerated customs clearance, but a trader must still file proof of source and destination, complete certificates and forms, and satisfy local customs officials. Even for products subject to no import restrictions, certain data is usually furnished to a customs authority so the government can compile trade statistics and assess fees and taxes. Importing is always evolving. To decrease border delays, many countries are consolidating departments, revamping reporting requirements, and implementing computerized systems. Some allow for preshipment inspections and pre-entry filings. Traders should keep checking for new options.

Government Regulation

Import requirements depend on the laws and regulations of the importer's own country, not those of the exporting country. In general, a country has one authority that is primarily responsible for administering its import laws. Depending on the type of product, a number of other authorities may indirectly control the process, as well. These may include agencies that enforce health, agricultural, environmental, transport, navigation, construction, and consumer laws. Thus, traders must comply not only with import laws, but also with all other laws specifically regulating the consumption or use of the product within the importing country. For some products, government regulations are so complex that traders typically retain customs brokers or freight forwarders to assist in compliance.

Pershipment Consideration

Costly delays or rejections at the border can usually be kept to a minimum with advance planning. Licenses, permits, duty payments, inspections, shipping, packaging, and insurance can usually be arranged before shipment. Licenses and permits For goods that may be imported only with government authorization, the importer may have to obtain a permit or license before entry. In some countries, all importers must be licensed regardless of the product. Permits and licenses are usually issued for a fee, and periodic renewals may also be necessary, again for a fee.

Intellectual and industrial property rights If a patent, trademark, service mark, copyright, or other similar right in a product is to be protected wherever sold, that right may need to be registered in a country before the product is distributed there. Otherwise, it may be irretrievably lost. Registration procedures differ substantially, and so does processing time.

Entry of Goods

Type of entry When goods reach a port of entry, they are held until the entry process is complete, after which they are released into that country. Many countries allow for different types of entries depending on the purpose for importing. A standard entry is one for consumption-the products will be sold or otherwise used in the importing country. Some countries offer temporary entry for test, trade fair, or market samples. A few countries offer incentives, such as free trade zones or bonded warehouse facilities, to encourage in-country processing of goods for re-export or later entry. Other entry requirements apply to products sent through international mail.

Customs Clearance

Depending on such factors as the nature of the product, size of shipment, country of import, available automation, and shipper's reputation, the entry process may require hours, days, weeks, or even months. Most shipments can be immediately released for transport into the country. Goods not immediately released are held at the border or transferred to storage facilities in bond, if available, to await processing. Officials may also reject goods for noncompliance and return them to the shipper. A trader can usually keep border delays to a minimum by preparing in advance to meet the following requirements: Standard documentation Product compliance Payment of assessed duties and other charges