Airports Council International (ACI) Europe has called for airport regulation to better reflect market realities, while the Association of European Airlines, european regions airline association, International Air Carrier Association and European Low Fare Airline Association, jointly stated they were disappointed the EC did not specify solutions to the problems the review found.The airport charges directive was adopted by the European Union (EU) in March 2009 and had to be implemented in all EU member states by March 2011. According to the EC, the directive, which applied to all EU airports handling more than five million passengers per year, set out the need for, greater transparency on what charges are to cover; that all airlines should pay the same charge, there could be no discrimination; consultation was required between airports and airlines; and EU member states were to set up an independent supervisory authority to help settle disputes over charges.In its review the EC states that it is "too early" to draw conclusions about the directives impact, but the "main positive effects" it says were referred to by the "market players," are, increased transparency, better consultation, and member states' governments creating the independent supervisory authorities needed. Frankfurt Airport, Heathrow Airport, Aeroports de Paris and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol were all identified by the EC's report as airports where users were "generally satisfied" with the consultation process. The EC review report did specify that a forum for ISAs would be created and that its first meeting would be on 13 June. Its other specific actions include, possibly revising the directive, examining incentives and differentiated services and the ISAs will also be involved in reviews of the report. The EC has also set up a new expert group to discuss the directive.While the EC is being asked to take action by industry bodies, those bodies have different ideas. While the airline associations stated that the the "ever-increasing costss of infrastructure in Europe demonstrate the monpolistic nature of airports," the ACI  's view differs. It says the directive assumes, "airports are natural monopolists," and that it welcomes the fact that the EC recognises, "that the development of new airline business models has resulted in a shift in bargaining power between airports and airlines - to the benefit of the latter."